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Development of innovative NT-BT technology with geomicrobiology
Prof. Yul Roh of Chonnam National University Soil & Geomicrobiology Laboratory

Development of technology for mineral capture of carbon dioxide (CO2)
Prof. Yul Roh has devoted his life to research on geomicrobiology, an integrated study of geology and microbiology. He got the young scientist prize from the Mineralogical Society of Korea (2008), chosen for the excellent evaluator of the research projects by the National Research Foundation (2009), won the scholarly prize from the Geological Society of Korea ( 2014) and the academic research paper prize from the Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (2017)  "Geomicrobes plays very important roles in the cycle of the elements with its geochemical reactions such as weathering, transformation and synthesis of the minerals in the subsurface environments. Prof. Yul Roh said as follows: Microbes live in diverse in (sub)surface environments of Earth and play important roles for weathering, alternation, and syntheses of minerals and element cycles via biogeochemical processes. They also play key roles for medicine, advanced materials, energy, resources, environment and food.  He opened 'Soil & Geomicrobiology Laboratory' in order to search microorganisms that live in the inter-tidal flat sediments, ocean sediments, deep underground rocks and the polar region. The laboratory uses the metabolism of the microorganisms for conservation of our Earth and industrial application. Prof. Roh’s research team has currently interested in development of technologies for mineral capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) via biomineralization. The team established for the first time in Korea that 'Proteus mirabilis', the carbonate mineral forming microorganism enriched from rhodolith, plays an important role in forming various carbonate minerals such as calcite, Mg-rich calcite, strontianite, siderite, rhodochrosite. In recognition of this achievement, the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning invited the team to the carbon dioxide underground storage innovation task of the 'CCS 2020' project. The team enriched the indigenous microbes such as Clostridium sp. and Shewanella sp. that live in the 1,000 meter underground rocks and water at the Janggi Basin in Pohang City (the proposed site of the carbon dioxide underground storage). Those microbes synthesize carbonate minerals such as CaCO3, MgxCa1-xCO3, SrCO3, CdCO3, FeCO3, MnCO3, etc. As a result, the team developed the sealing improvement technology of cap rock for the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. The team also registered patents including immobilization of radionuclides and heavy metals and its composite (patent No.10-1384454) and the carbon dioxide fixing method and its composite (patent No.10-1384465). The team developed the biomineralization of fluorescent materials (i.e., phosphors) such as cerium-, europium- and terbium-doped carbonate minerals (No.10-2016-00300233, Fluorescent Carbonate Mineral Synthesis Method & Composite) that can used for the industries. The teams also used the calcite precipitation to fill the cracks of the rocks and the cracks that improves the storage performance by sealing of the cap rocks (No.10-2-17-0001437, Microorganism-based Calcite Precipitation Method & Composite). 

Focusing on cycling, recovery, and uses of metals for the Earth conservation
The team paid attention to the microbial cycles of elements mainly focused on metal precipitation and metal bioleaching. "Metal reducing microorganism uses a variety of heavy metals including iron and manganese in the anaerobic environment for respiration and metabolism. The magnetite synthesized by this process has the particles that have homogeneous size and shape and it is an eco-friendly and non-toxic nano-material. For this reason, the bio-magnetite can be used as drug transporter or catalysts for remediation of water" explains Prof. Yul Roh. By using microbial syntheses of nano-materials, the team developed 'Wastewater and Groundwater Purification Technology' and registered a patent (No.10-2016-0001742) entitled nano iron sulfide compound production method for removing heavy metals and heavy metal pollutant purification method and another patent (No.10-2016-0013598) entitled method for simultaneous removal of nitrate and chromate in contaminated water using metal-reducing bacteria and biogenic magnetite nano-sized particles. As a result, the team currently is participating in the GAIA Project of the Ministry of Environment. It is also possible to do bioleaching the precious metals from used electronics by using microorganism and the team obtained the microorganisms from rhodolith that have excellent copper bioleaching ability and succeeded bioleaching and recovery of the high purity copper from PCB of the used mobile phones. Currently, the team is working on development of eco-friendly metal recycling technology by using hydrometallurgy and bioleaching and it is expected to be used for recycling industrial wastewater, waste resources and collecting metals from ocean or the mud. "We are expanding our research scope to recycling, collecting and application of metallic elements, development of nano-materials, wastewater purification and to more unique and innovative application areas with which we will take the initiative in leading the eco-friendly geomicrobiol technologies.' <Power Korea> sends a message of support. 


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