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Q. Æı«µÈ ¼ö»ýÅ°躹¿ø°ú ¼öÁú°³¼±ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÑ °úÁ¤°ú
À̸¦ °³¼±ÇÏ´Â ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ Çʿ伺Àº?

A. ÃÖ±Ù ±âÈĺ¯È­·Î »ý±ä È«¼öÇÇÇØ, »ç¸·È­Çö»ó, ¿À¿°µÈ ¼öÁúÀº ¹° ¼øȯü°è¿Í ¿¡³ÊÁö È帧ÀÇ »ýÅÂȯ°æ ÀÚü¸¦ ¸Á°¡¶ß·È´Ù. ÇÏõ, ½ÀÁö, È£¼ö, Àú·ùÁö´Â »ýÅ°迡¼­ ÀÎüÀÇ ½ÉÀå, ÇãÆijª ´Ù¸§¾ø±â¿¡ Æı«µÈ »ýÅ°躹¿ø¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °÷ÀÌÀÚ º¹¿øÀ» Çϱ⵵ ¾î·Á¿î °÷ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿À¿°µÈ ¹°À» »ýÅÂÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤È­ÇÏ´Â ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ýÅ°踦 º¹¿øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â ¿ì¸® dzÅä¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿øÀ» ½ÇÇöÇÏ°íÀÚ 3°¡ÁöÀÇ ³­°üÀ» ±Øº¹Çß´Ù. ù ¹ø°´Â ‘ÇöÀåÀÇ »ýÅÂȯ°æÀû Ư¼º’À» °í·ÁÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀû °Ç¼³¹æ½Ä¿¡¼­ ´ë»óÁö¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ »ýÅ°踦 Àû¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â µ¥ ´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» °³¼±Çß´Ù. µÎ ¹ø°´Â ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø °ü·Ã ´Ù¾çÇÑ °úÇбâ¼ú ºÐ¾ß¸¦ µðÀÚÀΰú ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀ¸·Î ÄÚµð³×ÀÌÆÃÇؼ­ À¶ÇÕÇß´Ù. À¶ÇÕ°úÁ¤Àº Ä¡¼ö°øÇÐ, Ä£¼ö°æ°ü°ú °°Àº °Ç¼³ ºÐ¾ß ¹× »ýÅ°úÇÐ, ȯ°æ°øÇбâ¼ú, ±×¸®°í À̸¦ ¾Æ¿ì¸£´Â µðÀÚÀÎÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ°í ½Ç¹«Àû¿ëÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ °á°ú¸¦ µµÃâÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø°´Â ´ë»óÁö¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ Á¢±ÙÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â »ýÅÂȯ°æÀû ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î´Â ¹°·Ð, °Ç¼³À̶ó´Â Çϵå¿þ¾î¸¦ ÅëÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î µðÀÚÀÎÇØ Ã¢ÀÇÀûÀÎ °á°ú¹°À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ½ºÆ¼ºê À⽺°¡ »óÇ°°³¹ßÀ» ÇØ¿Â ¹æ½Ä°úµµ À¯»çÇѵ¥, »ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡¼­´Â ²À ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¼±, ÇÑ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í Çϸé, ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¾î·Á¿òÀ» µó°í ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ Á¤Ã¥ÀÚ¹®, ¿¬±¸°³¹ß, ¼³°è, ½Ã°ø, À¯Áö°ü¸®, ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ±îÁö Á¾ÇÕÀûÀ¸·Î µðÀÚÀÎ(ÄÚµð³×ÀÌÆÃ)ÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±× °á°ú, ´ë»óÁö¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ¼ö·®°ú ¼ö¹®ÇÐÀû È帧, ¼öÁú, µ¹½×±â, ½ÀÁö½Ä¹°, ¾ß»ýµ¿¹°, ¹Ì»ý¹°, Åä¾ç¼ººÐ, ÁöÁú, ±âÈÄ µî »ýÅÂȯ°æÀû Ư¼º¿¡ ¸ÂÃá ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ °á°ú¸¦ µµÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±× ¼º°ø ¹è°æ¿¡´Â ¿ì¸®Ç³Åä¿¡ ¸Â°Ô °³¹ßµÈ ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æ½Ã½ºÅÛ Æ¯Çã ±â¼úÀÌ ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¸òÀ» Çß´Ù.

Q. ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¹«¾ùÀ̸ç, »ýÅÂÀû¼öÁúÁ¤È­ ºñ¿ÀÅé¿¡¼­
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A. ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿øÀ̶õ ÇÏõ, ½ÀÁö, Àú·ùÁö, Çϼö󸮼ö ¹æ·ù¼ö, °£Ã´Áö °³¹ß·Î ÈÑ¼ÕµÈ »ýÅÂȯ°æÀ» ½Ã½ºÅÛÀûÀ¸·Î º¹¿øÇÑ´Ù´Â Àǹ̴Ù. ‘º¹¿ø’Àº ¿ø·¡ ÀÚ¿¬ ±×´ë·Î µ¹·Á³õ´Â °ÍÀ» ³Ñ¾î, ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ý¹°ÀÌ »ç´Â »õ·Î¿î »ýÅ°踦 âÃâÇÏ´Â Àǹ̸¦ ³»Æ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Àΰ£ ¿ª½Ã »õ·Î¿î »ýÅ°踦 Áñ±æ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³ª´Â Áö³­ 15³â °£ ±¹³» ÇÏõ, Àú·ùÁö, ½ÀÁö, È£¼ö µî¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø °ü·Ã ƯÇ㠽űâ¼ú µî ¿øõ±â¼úÀ» ¾à 25°³ °³¹ßÇß´Ù.

±× Áß °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °ÍÀÌ Àΰø½ÀÁöº¹¿ø½Ã½ºÅÛÀÎ »ýÅÂÀû¼öÁúÁ¤È­ºñ¿ÀÅé(SSB: Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼öÁú¿À¿°¹°ÁúÀ» »ýÅÂÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇÏ°í ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ýÅ°谡 ¼­½ÄÇÏ°Ô µ½´Â ´Ù´Ü°è Àΰø½ÀÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. À¯ÀÔ±¸, ħ°­Àú·ùÁö, ´Ù´Ü°è·Î µÈ ½ÀÁö °³¹æ¼ö¸é¿¬¸ø, ħÀüÁö µî 3´Ü°è ÀÌ»óÀ» °ÅÃÄ ÃÖÁ¾¹æ·ù¼ö·Î À¯ÃâÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±¹³»¿Ü ³í¹®, ƯÇã, ½Å±â¼ú ¹× 2015³âµµ »ýÅÂÇÏõº¹¿ø»ç¾÷ ºÎ¹®ÀÇ ÃÖ¿ì¼ö»ó, ¿ì¼ö»óÀ» ź ÇÏõµé¿¡ µµÀÔµÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ°í °üº¸¿¡µµ ¿©·¯Â÷·Ê ¼Ò°³µÈ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¿ì¼ö»óÀ¸·Î ¼±Á¤µÈ ´ëÀü±¤¿ª½Ã ¼­±¸ ¸Å³ëõ »ýÅÂÇÏõº¹¿ø»ç¾÷Àº °í³óµµºñÁ¡¿À¿°¿øÀÇ À¯ÀÔ Àú°¨À» À§ÇØ È¯°æ½Å±â¼úÀÎ »ýÅÂÀû ¼öÁúÁ¤È­ ºñ¿ÀÅé½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» µµÀÔÇØ ¼öÁúÀ» Å©°Ô °³¼±ÇÏ°í, ģȯ°æ ¹°°í±â±æÀ» ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¸Å³ëõÀº ÇØ´ç ±â°üÀÇ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ °á°ú, º¹¿ø°ø»ç ùÇØÀÎ 2014³â¿¡µµ ±× 1³â Àüº¸´Ù ¼öÁúÀÌ ¸Å¿ì °³¼±µÆ´Ù.

»ý¹°È­ÇÐÀû»ê¼Ò¿ä±¸·®(BOD)ÀÌ 4.8ppm¿¡¼­ 1.9ppm, ºÎÀ¯¹°Áú(SS)Àº 53.6ppm¿¡¼­ 3.4ppmÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¾îµç °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ¸Å³ëõ¿¡´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó °íÀ¯Á¾ÀÎ Âü°¥°Ü´Ï, µ¹¸¶ÀÚ, ÂüÁ¾°³ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ´ã¼ö¾î·ù¿Í ¼ö´ÞÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. »ç¾÷ Àüº¸´Ù ¸¼Àº ¹°ÀÌ È帣°í Æ÷À¯·ù, ¾ç¼­·ù, Á¶·ù, Àú¼­¹«Ã´Ãßµ¿¹° µî 8°³ ºÐ¾ß »ý¹°Á¾ÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ã¾î³ª »ýÅÂÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î °Ç°­ÇÑ ÇÏõÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ´Ù´Ü°è ¼öÁúÁ¤È­ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Æ¯Çã¿Í ¿øõ±â¼úÀÌ ±× ÁÖµÈ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.  

Q. ¾ðÁ¦ºÎÅÍ ÀÌ·± ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °³¹ßÇÏ°í ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø»ç¾÷À» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Â°¡?
A. ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ Çкθ¦ ¸¶Ä£ µÚ, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ¼®»ç, ÀϺ»¿¡¼­ Á¤ºÎ Áö¿øÀ¸·Î ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ°í »ýÅÂ¿Í È¯°æ¼³°èºÐ¾ßÀÇ ¼±ÁøÀ̷аú ½Ç¹«¸¦ ÀÍÇû´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ÇØ¿Ü ¼±ÁøÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î 15³â ÀÌ»ó ±¹³» dzÅä¿¡ ¸Â°Ô Àû¿ëÇϸ鼭 ƯÇã ¹× ½Å±â¼ú µîÀÇ ±¹³» ¿øõ±â¼úÀ» °³¹ßÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ °Ç¼³ ¹× ȯ°æºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ °Ç¼³°ü·ÃÀÚµéÀ» ¼³µæÇÏ°í, ¶§·Î´Â ½Î¿ö°¡¸é¼­ »ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿øÀÇ ½Ç¹«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ °æÇèÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ÀÛ³â±îÁö ±¹³» dzÅä¿¡ ¸Â´Â 5°¡Áö À¯ÇüÀÇ ¼ö»ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿ø ¸ðµ¨À» Á¤¸³ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 2013³â¿¡´Â »ó¸í´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø°úÁ¤¿¡ ±¹³» ÃÖÃÊ·Î À¶ÇÕ»ýÅÂȯ°æ°øÇаú¸¦ °³¼³ÇØ »ýÅÂȯ°æº¹¿øÀÇ ±³À°°ú À̷а³¹ß, ±×¸®°í ½Ç¹«¸¦ °³Ã´ÇØ ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. »ó¸í´ëÇб³ ´ëÇпø¿¡¼­ ÀüÀÓ±³¼ö ½ÅºÐÀ¸·Î Á¤³âÀ» º¸Àå¹ÞÀº ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ, ¾ÈÁÖÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »êÇÐÇù·ÂÆ®·¢ÀÇ ±³¼ö·Î¼­ °³Ã´ºÐ¾ß »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» À§ÇØ ÃÖÀϼ±¿¡¼­ Åä¸ñ, ȯ°æ, Á¶°æ, »ý¹° µî °ü·Ã ½Ç¹«ÀÚµé°ú ¾¾¸§Çϸ鼭 ÃÖ¼±À» ´ÙÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ·± ³ë·ÂµéÀº, 15³â Àü¸¸ Çصµ ¼±Áø±¹°ú °Å¸®°¨ÀÌ ÀÖ´ø ¿ì¸® »ýÅÂ°è º¹¿ø°ú »ýÅÂÀû ¼öÁúÁ¤È­±â¼úÀÇ Ãʺ¸Àû ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ÀÌÁ¨ ±×µéÀ» ´É°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀںνÉÀ» °®´Â °è±â°¡ µÆ´Ù. 

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Realizing the future of aquatic ecology environment restoration with innovative design and monitoring
Byeon leads the restoration by establishing practical manual
"National level long-term cooperation is needed to industrialize the restoration projects"
Byeon Chan-woo, Dean of Fusion Ecology Environment Engineering Department of Graduate School in Sangmyung University

Q. Tell us about the needs of the aquatic ecology environment system and the difficulty in improving water quality? 
A. The recent climate change which caused flood, desertification and water pollution intensively destroyed the flow of energy and water circulation in nature. Rivers, wetlands, lakes and reservoirs are most important yet most difficult areas to restore once they are destroyed. For this, I've developed the patented aquatic ecology environment system with which I could be able to solve the three existing difficulties. First of all, I took into account the regional characteristics in order to bring up a solution to the existing one-directional construction. Secondly, I introduced a new design and monitoring system by combining various science technologies including hydraulic engineering, water-friendly construction, ecological science, environmental engineering. Thirdly, I created bioenvironmental-friendly software as well as constructional-hardware through an integral designing process which is similar to Steve Jobs' product development method. To put it shortly, the restoration system gives a comprehensive solution from policy advice, R&D, design, construction and maintenance to monitoring. With this system, I have achieved successful results in improving water quality and ecological restoration customized to each region, climate, ecology and environment. 

Q. What is the aquatic ecology environment system and what is the role and contents of the multi-phase water purification system of SSB?
A. The aquatic ecology environment system means to restore the ecology and environment destroyed during the development of rivers, wetlands, reservoirs, sewage disposal plants and reclaimed-land. I've developed about 25 patented original technologies that can be applied to a restoration project for the last 15 years. SSB (Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) among them is most famous. It's an artificial multi-phase wetland system that can ecologically remove pollutants and help living creatures prosper. The wastewater gets filtered more than 3 times  through inlet, undercurrent, multi-phase open surface wetland pond and settling reservoir to be fully released. Thanks to its innovation, SSB has appeared on media and the system also was used for the rivers that won the top and runner-up prizes in the river restoration sector in 2015. The Maeno River in Daejeon City (top prize), for example, used SSB and significantly improved the water quality when compared to the previous year and the city also built a new eco-friendly waterway for fish. It is reported that BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) was reduced to 1.9ppm from 4.8ppm and SS (suspended solid) to 3.4ppm from 53.6ppm. As a result, many native fishes and otters once disappeared came back home and eight new species such as amphibians, wild birds and invertebrates were also found around the river.

Q. When did you start this innovative development and what was the motivation?
A. I graduated university in Korea but finished the master's course in the US and the PhD in Japan with the support from government. I widened my knowledge extensively with advanced theories and practices during these academic years. And I have applied this accumulated knowledge to develop original technologies customized to the Korean climate for the last 15 years. It was really hard to persuade the officials of the construction and environment-related departments during this period but I carried it out steadfastly on the benefit of creating a better ecology and environment in Korea. As a result, I have introduced the five aquatic ecosystem restoration models. In 2013, I opened Department of Fusion Ecology Environment Engineering at Sangmyung University Graduate School and has been exerting my utmost effort in developing effective teaching materials and training in cooperation with other departments such as civil engineering, landscape architecture, and biology. I'm really proud of what I have achieved and will keep carrying on my continuous R&D in the field. 

Q. Give us some of good examples of the restoration and their effect?
We restored the notoriously polluted Kyeongan Stream, installed SSB in The Jemin Stream in Gongju City, installed the non-point pollution source sensing system in an ecology stream in Gwanggyo New Town and in the Zone 3 of Gyeongin Ara Waterway, and also carried out the construction of Anteo Ecology Park in Gwangmyeong City, Sinjeong Ecology Pond in Yangcheon District, and a reclaimed land ecology restoration. Through these restorations, we improved the water quality and made the places as a landmark of the region. The ecology stream and the SSB system created in the upper region of the Jemin Stream in Gongju City, for example, is a treatment wetland which purifies the water by drawing up about 5,000 tons of sewage water to the upper region of the stream a day. This is 10 times more in processing efficiency than a treatment wetland created by one of the top American authorities in the field according to the result of the city's 7 years of monitoring. Also, it not only invited endangered species but it became a resting place for local residents. However, at least 2 years of the initial management period must be carried out by the restoration specialists in order to maintain the water quality. 

Q. What must be done for the restoration systems to settle down in Korea?
A. As the value of restoration is not at generating short term profits, I often have to persuade the industry officials. One restoration project generally takes about 5 years but the existing regulations and practices are quite persistent in their own ways without a hint of change or improvement. The change of both the public and the industry specialists' recognition and a close cooperation between departments, therefore, are a must in order for these advanced restoration systems to settle down in Korea. For example, if one department manages the upper region of the river with focus on water quality while the other the lower reaches on measurements without any communication or cooperation, the local residents are the first ones who are affected from this bad consequences. The unproven theories and practices prevalent in the field also must be made clear through systematic manuals covering design, construction and maintenance. If I give one more example, I designed the master plan for Saemangeum Ecology Land Project in 2013. But I doubt whether it will be processed as planned considering the existing practice and regulations. It is important to see what will be the true value of the project and what we can achieve as a result in a long-term view when we carry out a project. 

Q. Development naturally entails part of destruction to aquatic ecosystem. What is your solution? 
A. As I mentioned above, my systems, SSB in particular, bring our society a purer water, an improved ecology and a better living environment. If we improve our concept of making profits from an ethical standpoint, these restoration systems can actually contribute to not only clean environment itself but also generating a considerable amount of profits. The restoration projects actually are estimated to create KRW 1.8 trillion annually. When our technology and knowhow in the field reach a certain level, we can also pioneer overseas market, especially developing countries, to make additional profits. So we had better start applying these advanced restoration systems both in theory and practice. 

Q. Why is the research on the aquatic ecology environment system is better off in Korea than in those advanced countries? 
A. The level of economic development and destruction of the environment are in direct proportion in Korea. So the restoration project must be carried out in parallel. The UN and many global leaders also announced joint statements or participated in campaigns relating to climate change and environment. The UN in particular established Green Climate Fund and Korea invited the secretariat in Songdo, Incheon in 2012. This means that there is an increasing importance of eco-friendly projects in Korea which is closely connected with Paris Climate Change Accord that has suggested an alternative that the advanced countries provide a technology support to developing countries in return for restricting the level of greenhouse gas emissions. Korea destroyed the environment in the shortest period of time during the economic development. Likewise, if we restore the destroyed environment in the fastest period of time, we can be a role model for many developing countries which are following the similar development process. 

Q. What is your plan to spread the aquatic ecology environment system? 
A. A multilateral effort is needed from education, manpower and promotion to financial support. It is notable that Bill Gates and Steve Jobs showed a great interest in environment, Chairman Johan Eliasch of HEAD (a global sports brand) bought part of the Amazon to protect the forest from destroying, and Al Gore presented a hopeful message about environment at TED. As for my part, I'm doing the same thing by improving the water quality and ecology. I will use the monitoring data, original technology and knowhow I've accumulated to spread the aquatic ecology environment system.

Q. Lastly, what is your future plan?
A. I plan to commercialize these advanced systems so that more people can enjoy a better and clean environment. Personally, I will stick to my original intention of protecting environment rather than making profits and that's why I kindly rejected the business deal such as M&A offered from other companies. Jack Ma's announcement of retirement so that he could focus on investment in environment is really encouraging for me. I hope more and more businessmen will start to see the importance of the restoration projects so that we can create a better living environment. For this, I will also use the benefit of media to the fullest to improve the public recognition. 
 


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