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Masterpiece that is made through thousands of hammering
Lee Jeong-duk, Master craftsman of Bangjja Yugi (forged brass pots) 

Brass pots, the daily goods of life
Brass is made by combing copper and tin through tempering and brass pots are the daily goods made with brass. Brass pots were used from generation to generation from a  long time ago. They are shiny, noble, luxurious, strong and has thermal & cold reserving effect. It is also called as the daily goods of life as they can change the color when poison is detected in the food. The methods of making the traditional Korean brass pots divide into three parts. Firstly, casting brass pots made by pouring molten metal into a cast. Secondly, hammered brass pots made by hammering repeatedly the heated brass. Thirdly, half hammered brass pots to make a concave form by heating a necessary part. The middle one among three is stronger, consistent and the more you use it the more it shines. To make hammered brass pots, you need to melt 78% of copper and 22% of tin at more than 1,300¡É fire.

Then you hammer it to be equally thin and flat and overlay each sheet to be hollow. Then you repeat pulling and hammering through 12 to 14 traditional methods to make a final product. Thus made brass pots contain the maker's skills and the dented parts by hammering conjures up natural and delicate charms. Lee says "Korea's brass pots technology is world level. Generally, the maximum capacity of tin in copper to be melted is 14% and we can't make a shape if it exceeds more than the amount. But based on forging technology that increases strength and elasticity, our ancestors made it possible with 22% of tin in copper and established a unique organic forging technology." 

Introducing traditional Jeonbuk metalwork technology developed
through time and age

Korea has a long history of making brass pots. We can find the trace at the Bronze Age relics. It was shortly disappeared in the Iron Age but reappeared in the Three Kingdom Era. Nihon Shoki records that forging technology was transferred to Japan from Baekje and the gold & bronze Daebal found in the queen's head part of Royal Tomb of King Muryeong was Balwoo made of bronze.

According to The History Book of the Three Kingdoms, Silla established an organization called Chulyoojeon to make iron and flowstone even before the King Gyeongdeok of Silla. The materials and technology of brass pot making was highly developed through The Three Kingdom Era and The Unified Silla and the technology was used to produce Buddhist goods and daily goods in the Koryo Dynasty. It is said that royal families and aristocrats used bronze bowls made by hammering methods. When the time reached to the Chosun Dynasty, the forging technology became more systematic and people made a variety range of daily goods with the technology covering from incense burner, small portable dining table, basin to musical instrument.

Brass pots were recognised as the best ones around that time as they did not contain any harmful substance. Women taking care of a set of tableware was even regarded as their most important duty in the past. But brass pots experienced hardships in the 1960s. With their heavy and constant changes of color, brass pots were slowly taking a backseat to stainless and plastic. Especailly, many workshops were destroyed during the Korean War and it seemed that we lost part of our traditional techniques and culture. Lee says "Jeonju was the center of hammering technology and there were numerous large scale forging factories before the Korean War. Gyeongguk-Daejeon also records aforementioned facts which means that the industry was prospered in the ares where many nobilities and aristocrats once lived. Jing (gong) and kkwaenggwari (small gong) actually require high tech hammering techniques and it's so natural that Jeonju is the home of the traditional Korean musical instruments." There actually were factories in Iksan (called Yuki) and Gimje (called Wonpyeong Yuki) that produced bowls, plates as well as gongs. 

Walking a single path while keeping the tradition
Despite its long history, tradition and high technology, the method seemed disappeared due to its time and effort required. Lee put himself in the field in 1979 when he stared working for a related company and has been devoting himself to liven up the tradition. He improved his skill extensively in Uiwang City. He then moved to Jeongeup City and opened a personal workshop in Wonpyong, Gimje and a communal workshop in Iksan 6 years ago. Lee received numerous prizes including The 31st Handcraft Competition (participation prize) in 2006, the Blue House Jeonbuk Handcraft Competition (golden prize) in 2011 and made presidential tableware in 2007 as well as appointed as Jeonbuk Intangible Cultural Asset (No.43) in 2011.

Lee purchases the best copper and tin in purity from Public Procurement Service to produce masterpieces through 14 stages of manual process. Lee's hand-made gongs are also taking 80% of the market share despite its expensive price. For this reason, Lee makes most of traditional instruments for renowned traditional Korean music bands such as Kim Duk-su Samulnoli (traditional percussion quartet) and Jinshai. Lee says "the thickness and elasticity decide the quality of the tone of the gongs. This means that I must have the skill to adjust the characteristics of the gongs to create right sounds."

Promoting modernized traditional Korean brass pots to the world
Brass pots are currently in the spotlight as it is known to sense poison, remove food poisoning bacteria, help digestion and stabilize blood pressure as well as preventing various diseases. Lee says "brass pots have no gas pockets so there's consistency in color, contain and release good ion and minerals to remove active oxygen, keeps good taste of food due to its thermal & cold reservation effect and can save food for a long time." Also, they are made with sophisticated design and color to attract young consumers. You can see brass pots not only in traditional Korean restaurants but also in many restaurants and snack bars down town today.

They are even used for wedding gifts now. Lee is the first person who obtained a master''s degree from Chung-Ang University's Metalwork Department. Lee says "brass pot making technology is recognized as important national technique. The problem is that because it should be made by hand, there are few people who love to learn the skills." To solve this problem, Lee suggests that we need to combine manual process with automatic process. The idea is to maintain the traditional methods while applying automatic process to the part where manual work is not necessary so that it can be mass produced and provided at an affordable price. You have to hammer the heated metal in 30 to 50 seconds and concentrate on the whole process to make perfect shiny and noble brass pots and for this reason brass pots can be called as work of art.
 


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